
Why and Where Did the Ten Commandments Come From?
In last week’s parsha, we meet the Aseret HaDibrot, the Ten Sayings given at Sinai. A natural question arises: why these particular words, and why in this form? The Torah itself supplies the answer in Genesis 27. The Ten Sayings emerge from a family dispute—the anguish between brothers, a father’s incomplete blessing, and the wounds that followed. The whole of humanity is one family, the family of Adam. The only way to heal the nations is to live these Sayings when we rise up, when we lie down, and when we walk by the way, and to teach our children the family history recorded in the Bible.
Rabbi David Fohrman’s exploration in A Book Like No Other (Season 4 – Matan Torah) reveals an astonishing literary architecture. The revelation narrative and the Ten Commandments track the Yaakov story with dozens of ordered parallels. Vertical relationships with the Creator bleed into horizontal relationships with brothers, wives, and neighbors.
Every rupture in the second tablet—murder, adultery-like interference, theft, false testimony, coveting—roots in a prior failure of relationship with a parent figure, whether Yitzchak or Lavan. The final commandment, לא תחמוד (“You shall not covet”), closes the circle at the reconciliation of Yaakov and Eisav.

The Healing of Two Nations: Now The World
In Genesis 33, Yaakov presses the gift upon Eisav with the enigmatic words: כי על כן ראיתי פניך כראות פני אלהים ותרצני “For therefore I have seen your face as one sees the face of God, and you have accepted me.”
Yaakov treats his older brother’s acceptance of the gift as the healing of the original wound: the father’s love that once felt zero-sum. Eisav’s restraint from murder years earlier, after overhearing that Yaakov had gone to Padan Aram, already embodied the energy of כבד את אביך ואת אמך powering לא תרצח.
The same parental love that restrains murder now becomes the horizontal love that overcomes envy. The producer of the series noted the mind-blowing symmetry: the first tablet begins with the problem that you cannot see God with the senses; the tenth commandment ends with Yaakov declaring that you can see the face of God in the reconciled brother.
The same pattern appears with Lavan. Rachel steals the terafim (ויגנב רחל את התרפים), and Yaakov “steals the heart” of Lavan by departing secretly (ויגנב יעקב את לב לבן). Theft is not only of objects but of trust. The commandment against adultery finds its surprising paradigm not in a simple marital betrayal but in Lavan’s interposition of Leah into the intimate relationship Yaakov intended with Rachel—
an interference the Torah later describes with the precise language of איש אשר ינאף את אשת רעהו (Leviticus 20:10), echoing the ish and re’eihu of the Gal-ed covenant. The “adulterous” spirit is the father-in-law who inserts himself where he does not belong. Healing requires restoring the proper boundaries of family.
These textual links are not ornamental. They teach that the Ten Sayings are the operating system for repairing the human family. When vertical love is fractured, horizontal relationships fracture. When brothers learn to renounce zero-sum thinking and see the divine spark in one another, the family is made whole again. That wholeness is what God “looks like.”

One Family from Adam through Noah
The Bible is the only continuous written record of the entire human family. Genesis 1–11 presents Adam and Chava as the single origin, then the Flood, then the Table of Nations descending from Shem, Ham, and Yefet. Dr. Nathaniel Jeanson’s work in Traced supplies independent scientific corroboration. Using Y-chromosome mutation rates calibrated to known historical timelines rather than deep-time assumptions, Jeanson reconstructs a global paternal tree whose major branches align with the three sons of Noah.
Every living male lineage ultimately traces to one of those three. The Jewish priestly and broader Semitic lines cluster within the Shem branches; other populations map to Ham or Yefet in patterns consistent with the biblical dispersion after Babel. The data do not require evolutionary timescales of hundreds of thousands of years; they fit a recent origin and a single family tree.
This is not merely interesting genetics. It means every conflict between nations is a family quarrel. Every act of violence, exploitation, or idolatry is a repetition of the original sibling and parental wounds. The Canaanite practices listed in Deuteronomy 18—child sacrifice, sorcery, the full catalog of idolatry and sexual inversion—are the extreme expression of a family that has forgotten its Parent. Hashem therefore chooses Israel not as a superior race but as a servant people whose task is to model a different way.
What “Chosen” Actually Means
Rabbi Ephraim’s teaching on the meaning of chosenness is direct and bracing. Deuteronomy 7 and 14 and Exodus 19 declare Israel a treasured people, a kingdom of priests and a holy nation—precisely because the whole earth belongs to God. The surrounding nations were steeped in the very crimes the Torah forbids. Israel was chosen to elevate the moral level of the world, to be a light that dispels darkness, to fight evil, and to bring about the messianic age of peace and prosperity for all.
Chosenness is service, not privilege. God calls Israel His servant. When Jews fail to live the mission—when they promote the opposite of godliness, justice, and morality—it becomes a chillul Hashem that fans the flames of antisemitism and makes the name of God and Torah desecrated. The nations are meant to look at Israel and say, “What a wise and understanding people.” The original plan was that every Jew would function as a priest for the world. That remains the job description.
The progress of history itself testifies to the partial success of the mission. From the Greco-Roman world of gladiatorial death, temple prostitution, and casual infant exposure, humanity has moved—unevenly, with tragic setbacks—toward higher valuations of life, monotheism, and basic human dignity. Relative to any previous age, we live in an era of unprecedented prosperity and reduced large-scale warfare. The finish line of tikkun olam is closer than it has ever been.
The Shema and Daily Incorporation of the Ten Sayings
The Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4–9) strengthens every point. “Hear, O Israel: Hashem is our God, Hashem is One.” The oneness of God underwrites the oneness of the human family. Then the command: these words which I command you today shall be upon your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your children, and shall speak of them when you sit in your house, when you walk by the way, when you lie down, and when you rise up. Bind them as a sign on your hand and as frontlets between your eyes. Write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates.
The Ten Sayings are not a museum piece. They are the daily curriculum of family life. When a father rises and recites the Shema, when a mother walks with a child and discusses why we do not covet or bear false witness, when a household lies down at night having practiced reconciliation rather than zero-sum competition, the healing of the nations is advanced one household at a time. The Bible is the family album; the Ten Sayings are the house rules that keep the family from tearing itself apart.
Gematria of Unity and Prayer
The numerical value 515 appears at decisive moments of longing for unity. Va’etchanan (ואתחנן) equals 515—the number of prayers Moshe offered to enter the Land. The same number is the gematria of tefillah (תפלה). Remarkably, the names Yitzchak (יצחק = 208) and Rivkah (רבקה = 307) also total 515, equal to basar echad (בשר אחד), “one flesh.”
Adam and Chava were created to become one flesh; Yitzchak and Rivkah model the prayerful unity that restores what was fractured. Moshe’s 515 prayers were not primarily for personal entry into the Land but for the ultimate redemption of the people and the healing of creation. The unfinished 516th prayer, some suggest, lives on as the hope (hatikvah = 516) that continues until the family is fully restored.
These numerical echoes are not magic. They are literary signals that the Torah’s deepest theme is the restoration of the original oneness—God’s oneness reflected in the human family that was meant to be one.
Teaching the Children Our Shared Story
The only way to heal the world is to incorporate the Ten Sayings into ordinary life and to teach the next generation the family history. The Bible is not one religion’s private mythology; it is the sole continuous record of how all peoples descend from a common pair, survive a common Flood, and receive a common moral charter. DNA evidence from Y-chromosome studies now makes the same claim in the language of modern science. When children learn that the stranger across the border is a distant cousin whose branch of the tree split at Shem, Ham, or Yefet, the psychological foundation for zero-sum hatred begins to erode.
Yaakov and Eisav’s The Ten Sayings
Yaakov and Eisav’s reconciliation shows the practical path: renounce the fantasy that another’s existence is the obstacle to one’s own blessing; offer the gift; accept the gift; see the face of God in the former adversary. The same movement scales from brothers to nations. The kingdom of priests is not a closed club; it is a training ground whose graduates are meant to serve the entire household of Adam.
We are closer than ever. The moral capital accumulated over three millennia of Torah influence has already raised the baseline of human civilization. The remaining work is the daily, unglamorous incorporation of the Ten Sayings—when we rise, when we walk, when we lie down—and the faithful transmission of the family story to the children who will finish the job. That is what it means to be chosen. That is how the nations are healed.
Hazan Gavriel ben David
Key Takeaways
- The Ten Sayings emerge from family dynamics, highlighting the need for vertical and horizontal relationship repair.
- Rabbi David Fohrman reveals literary parallels between the Ten Sayings and the narratives of Yaakov, emphasizing reconciliation among brothers.
- Understanding the moral mission of Israel involves recognizing that chosenness means service to elevate global ethics and promote peace.
- Incorporating the Ten Sayings into daily life and teaching future generations fosters healing and unity across humanity.
- The shared family history in the Bible demonstrates our common origins, promoting the idea that conflicts result from familial wounds.


































